Protection of Human Rights in The Framework of International Law

Abstract

Human rights (HAM) are fundamental rights inherent to all individuals simply by virtue of being human. These rights are universal, inalienable, indivisible, interconnected, and interdependent. The responsibility to respect, protect, and fulfill human rights typically falls on the state, including measures against violations by private entities. Human rights encompass civil and political rights, as well as economic, social, and cultural rights, and are essential to global political, economic, and cultural power dynamics. Despite global efforts to uphold human rights, there are significant challenges, such as political turmoil and enforcement issues in various countries, including the ongoing violations in Palestine and setbacks in Indonesia due to declining democracy, government suppression of criticism, and excessive use of authority by law enforcement. This research aims to explore the development of human rights in international and Indonesian law and understand their relevance in a global context. Utilizing a qualitative approach, data was collected from literature and official documents, analyzed descriptively to highlight patterns, relationships, and implications. The study underscores the need for harmonization of laws, budget allocation for human rights implementation, and addressing legal challenges in the digital era. This research provides insights into the integral components of human rights, factors contributing to their expansion and commitment, and practical solutions for future protection.